深度猛料：缅军部队和政府部门已被民族武装安插的“西瓜”[间谍]全面渗透(英译汉)

作者：翻译大傻         来源：翻译大傻

译者按：英国广播公司经过长期调查，发现缅军部队和政府都已被民族武装安插的间谍所渗透，从中央部委到村级组织都被渗透了，这些间谍被称为“西瓜”。这些间谍是从缅军政府内部人员培养的，他们把情报泄露给民族武装、人民防卫军等反军政府武装组织。这些“西瓜”的处境十分危险，他们不仅面临被缅军政府打击的危险，泄露情报后，还有可能遭到反抗组织的攻击，因为他们不可能说不要攻击他们所在的部队，他们的部队遭到攻击，他们自己的生命也就有危险。但西瓜们说，如果有这种情况，就开枪吧。

The once formidable Myanmar military is cracking from within - riddled with spies secretly working for the pro-democracy rebels, the BBC has found.

英国广播公司(以下简称BBC)发现，曾经强大的缅甸军方正在从内部分裂，军队中充斥着为民主派叛军秘密工作的间谍。

The military only has full control of less than a quarter of Myanmar's territory, a BBC World Service investigation reveals. The junta still controls the major cities and remains "extremely dangerous" according to the UN special rapporteur on Myanmar. But it has lost significant territory over the past 12 months - see map below.

BBC国际频道调查显示，军方仅完全控制的领土不到缅甸总领土的四分之一。联合国缅甸问题特派调查员称，缅军政府仍然控制着主要城市，但“极其危险”。在过去12个月中，缅军方已经失去了大量领土，见下图。

The soldier spies are known as "Watermelons" - green on the outside, rebel red within. Outwardly loyal to the military but secretly working for the pro-democracy rebels whose symbolic colour is red.

这些军人间谍被称为“西瓜”——外表是绿色的，内心是叛军的红色。表面上忠于缅军方，但暗中为以红色为象征的民主派叛军工作。

A major based in central Myanmar says it was the military's brutality that prompted him to switch sides. "I saw the bodies of tortured civilians. I shed tears," says Kyaw [not his real name]. "How can they be so cruel against our own people? We are meant to protect civilians, but now we're killing people. It's no longer an army, it's a force that terrorises."

驻扎在缅甸中部的一名少校表示，正是缅军方的暴行促使他改变了立场。这位化名叫觉(Kyaw)的少校说：“看到被折磨致死的平民尸体，我流下了眼泪，他们怎么能对我们自己的人民如此残忍？我们本应保护平民，但现在却在杀人。这不再是一支军队，而是一支对他人实施恐怖行为的力量。”

More than 20,000 people have been detained and thousands killed, the UN says, since the military seized power in a coup in February 2021 - triggering an uprising.

联合国称，自2021年2月缅军方发动政变、夺取政权、并引发反叛以来，已有2万多人被拘留，数千人被杀害。

Kyaw initially thought about defecting from the army, but decided with his wife that becoming a spy was "the best way to serve the revolution".

觉最初想从部队叛逃，但和妻子一起决定成为一名间谍，因为这是“为革命服务的最佳方式”。

When he judges it safe to do so, he leaks internal military information to the People's Defense Forces [PDF] - a network of civilian militia groups. The rebels use the intelligence to mount ambushes on the military or to avoid attacks. Kyaw also sends them some of his wage, so they can buy weapons. Spies like him are helping the resistance achieve what was once unthinkable.

当觉判断这样做是安全的时候，就会将内部军事信息泄露给人民防卫军，人民防卫军是民间武装力量组成的一个网络体系。叛军利用这些情报对缅军队进行伏击、或避免遭到袭击。觉还将自己的部分工资给他们，以便他们购买武器。像他这样的间谍正在帮助抵抗力量实现曾经不可想象的事情。

The BBC assessed the power balance in more than 14,000 village groups as of mid-November this year, and found the military only has full control of 21% of Myanmar's territory, nearly four years on from the start of the conflict. The investigation reveals that ethnic armies and a patchwork of resistance groups now control 42% of the country's land mass. Much of the remaining area is contested. The military now controls less than at any time since they first took control of the country in 1962, according to the US-based Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (Acled).

截至今年11月中旬，BBC评估了14000多个村庄内的权力平衡，发现缅军方仅完全控制了缅甸21%的领土，而冲突爆发已近4年。调查显示，民族军队和一些抵抗组织目前控制着该国42%的土地。其余大部分地区双方仍在争夺。根据总部位于美国的“武装冲突位置和事件数据项目”的数据，缅军方现在控制的土地比1962年首次控制缅甸以来的任何时候都要少。

Co-ordinated operations between ethnic armies and civilian militia groups have put the military on the back foot. After heavy territorial losses earlier this year Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing made a rare admission that his forces were under pressure.

民族军队和平民武装组织之间的协同行动使缅军方处于劣势。今年早些时候，在遭受重大领土损失后，缅军总司令敏昂莱罕见地承认他的部队面临压力。

The leaked Watermelon intelligence from within the military is helping to tip the balance. Two years ago, the resistance set up a specialised unit to manage the growing network of spies and to recruit more.

从军方内部泄露的西瓜(间谍)情报打破了平衡。两年前，反抗军成立了一个专门的单位来管理日益壮大的间谍网络，并招募更多间谍。

Agents like Win Aung [not his real name] collect the Watermelon leaks, verify them where possible, and then pass them on to the rebel leaders in the relevant area. He is a former intelligence officer who defected to the resistance after the coup. He says they are now getting new Watermelons every week and social media is a key recruitment tool. Their spies, he says, range from low-ranking soldiers to high-ranking officers. They also claim to have Watermelons in the military government - "from the ministries down to village heads". They are put through a strict verification process to ensure they are not double agents.

像温昂(Win Aung) [化名]这样的间谍收集“西瓜”情报，尽可能核实，然后将其传递给相关地区的叛军领导人。温昂是一名前情报官员，在缅军政变后叛逃到了反抗军一方。他说，他们现在每周都会招到新的“西瓜”，社交媒体是一个重要的招募工具。温昂说，他们的间谍从低级士兵到高级军官都有。他们还声称在军政府中也有“西瓜”——“从各部委到村长”。他们要经过严格的核实程序，以确保他们不是双重间谍。

Motivations for becoming a spy vary. While in Kyaw's case it was anger, for a man we are calling "Moe" - a corporal in the navy - it was simply a desire to survive for his young family. His wife, pregnant at the time, pushed him to do so, convinced the military was losing and he would die in battle. He began leaking information to the Watermelon unit about weapons and troop movements.

成为间谍的动机各不相同。虽然觉成为间谍是出于愤怒，但对于称之为莫(Moe)的海军下士来说，这仅仅是为了年幼的家人能够生存下来。当时，他的妻子怀孕了，妻子催促他这么做，她认为缅军正在失败，他会在战斗中死亡。他开始向“西瓜”团队泄露有关武器和部队调动的信息。

This kind of intelligence is crucial, says pro-democracy rebel leader Daeva. The ultimate goal of his resistance unit is to take control of Yangon, Myanmar's biggest city and his former home. But they are a long way off.

民主派叛军领袖迪华(Daeva)说，这种情报非常重要。他的抵抗部队的最终目标是夺取缅甸最大城市仰光的控制权，仰光也是他曾经的家乡。但他们离目标还很远。

The military retains the majority of major urban areas - home to crucial infrastructure and revenue. "It's easier said than done to attack and occupy [Yangon], Daeva says. "The enemy will not give up on [it] easily." Unable to physically penetrate the city, Daeva from his jungle base directs targeted attacks by underground cells in Yangon using Watermelon intelligence.

缅军方控制着大部分主要城市地区——那里是缅军政府关键基础设施和收入的所在地。迪华说：“攻占仰光说起来容易做起来难，敌人不会轻易放弃的。”由于实战无法进入这座城市，在丛林基地，迪华指挥仰光地下组织利用“西瓜”提供的情报进行针对性攻击。

In August, we witnessed him making one such call. We were not given the details but were told it was to direct an assassination attempt on a colonel.

今年8月，我们曾亲眼看到他打这样的电话。虽然我们没有获知细节，但被告知他指挥暗杀了一名上校。

"We will do it inside the enemy's security parameters," he told them. "Be careful, the enemy is losing in every direction," he added, telling them that this meant they were more likely to be on alert for infiltrators and spies. Daeva says several major attacks by his unit have been the result of tip-offs. "We started with nothing and now look at our success," says Daeva.

迪华告诉他们：“我们会在敌人的安全范围内进行。”迪华补充说：“谨慎点，敌人在各个方向都在失败。”这意味着，缅军更有可能对渗透者和间谍保持警惕。迪华说，“他的部队发起的几次重大袭击都是获益于情报。我们从一无所有开始，现在看看我们的成功。”

But it comes at a cost. Watermelons have to live in fear of both sides, as navy corporal-turned spy Moe discovered. Deployed from Yangon to Rakhine - a border region where the military is fighting an ethnic group siding with the resistance - he had to live with the terror that his intelligence could mean he himself was attacked. In March this year, his anchored ship was hit with a projectile missile, followed by open fire. "There was no place to run. We were like rats in a cage." Seven of his fellow soldiers were killed in the rebel attack. "Our ability to protect [the moles] is very limited," admits Win Aung. "We can't publicly announce that they are Watermelons. And we can't stop our forces from attacking any particular military convoy." He says that when this is explained to the Watermelons, however, they do not falter. Some have even responded: "When it comes to that moment, don't hesitate, shoot."

不过，这是有代价的。海军下士出身的间谍莫发现，“西瓜”们不得不生活在对双方的恐惧之中。莫从仰光被派往若开邦——这是一个边境地区，军方正在与一个支持抵抗力量的民族作战——他不得不生活在恐惧之中，因为他的情报可能意味着他自己也会遭到袭击。今年3月，他停泊的船只被一枚导弹击中，随后被开火。温昂承认：“我们无处可逃。我们就像笼子里的老鼠。”他的7名战友在叛军的袭击中丧生。“我们保护[鼹鼠，注：指间谍]的能力非常有限。”“我们不能公开宣布他们是西瓜。我们也不能阻止我们的部队袭击任何特定的军事车队。”温昂说说，当向“西瓜”们解释这一点时，他们并没有退缩。有些人甚至回应说：“到了那一刻，不要犹豫，开枪。”

But there are times when the spies can no longer bear the danger.

但有时候，间谍无法再承受危险。

When Moe was set to be sent to another dangerous front line, he asked the Watermelon unit to smuggle him out into a resistance-controlled area. They do this using an underground network of monasteries and safe houses. He left in the dead of night. The next morning, when he did not show up for duty, soldiers came round to the house. They interrogated his wife Cho, but she remained tight-lipped. After days on the run Moe arrived at one of Daeva's bases. Daeva thanked him over video call, before asking him what role he wanted to play now. Moe replied that, given his young family, he would like a non-combat role and would instead share his knowledge of military training. A few weeks later he crossed into Thailand. Cho and the children fled their home too and hope to eventually join him and build a new life there.

当莫被派往另一条危险的前线时，他要求“西瓜”团队将他偷运到反抗军控制的地区。“西瓜”团队利用寺庙和安全屋的地下网络把他送了过去。他深夜离开。第二天早上，当他没有出现在值班时，士兵们来到他家，审问了他的妻子卓(Cho)，但她守口如瓶。逃亡几天后，莫来到了迪华的一个基地。迪华通过视频通话感谢他，然后问他现在想担任什么职位。莫回答说，考虑到他的年幼家人，他希望担任非战斗职位，并愿意分享他对军事训练的知识。几周后，他越境进入泰国。卓和孩子们也逃离了家园，希望最终能和他团聚，在那里开始新的生活。

The military is aggressively trying to reclaim lost territory, carrying out a wave of deadly bombings. With Chinese- and Russian-made fighter jets, it is in the air that it has the upper hand. It knows that the resistance is far from being one homogenous group and is seeking to exploit divisions between them.

缅军方正在积极试图收复失地，发动了一波致命的轰炸。凭借邻国和俄罗斯制造的战斗机，它在空中占据了上风。缅军知道，抵抗力量远非一个同质的团体，并试图利用他们之间的分歧。

"As the junta loses control, their brutality increases. It's getting worse. The loss of life… the brutality, the torture as they lose ground, literally and figuratively," says UN special rapporteur Tom Andrews.

联合国特别调查员汤姆·安德鲁斯(Tom Andrews)说：“随着军政府失去控制，他们的暴行也随之增加。情况越来越糟。生命损失……随着他们失去阵地，他们的暴行、折磨，也愈演愈烈，无论是肉体还是精神的。”

The military is also conducting sweeps for Watermelons.

军方还在对“西瓜”们进行大扫荡。

"When I heard about the sweeps, I stopped for a while," says Kyaw. He says he always acts like a staunch supporter of the military to avoid unwanted attention. But he is scared and doesn't know how long he can stay hidden. Defecting is not an option, as he worries about abandoning his ageing parents, so for now, he will keep acting as a military spy, hoping to see a day when the revolution is over.

觉说：“当我听说要进行大扫荡时，我停了一段时间。”他说他总是表现得像军方的坚定支持者，以避免引起不必要的关注。但他很害怕，不知道自己能躲多久。叛逃不是一种选择，因为他担心要抛弃年迈的父母，所以现在，他将继续担任军事间谍，希望有一天革命结束。

If and when that day comes, Watermelons like Kyaw and Moe will not be forgotten, Win Aung vows. "We will treat them with honor, and allow them to choose what they want to do next in their lives."

如果那一天真的到来，温昂发誓，像觉和莫这样的西瓜不会被遗忘。“我们会尊重他们，让他们选择自己接下来的生活。”

作者：翻译大傻         来源：翻译大傻